[1] 倒装
全部倒装:把全部谓语放在主语前。
1. there be 句型(特殊的全部倒装句型)
There is no friend as faithful as a good book.
2. there \ here \ now \ then 放在句首
Now is the time to take action.
3. 方位状语开头
In books are embalmed the greatest thoughts of all ages.
4. 主语与表语互换位置
Happy are those who have dreams.
5. 伴随状语开头(With或Along with放在句首时,句子应该全部倒装)
With confidence and persistence comes success.
部分倒装:只将情态动词、助动词或系动词放在主语前
1. only + 单词、词组、状语从句位于句首
Only through education can we rise in the world.
Only if you have been in the deepest valley can you ever know how wonderful it is to be on the highest mountain.
2. 以否定意义状语开头,部分倒装
Never \ hardly----when \ no sooner---- than \ scarcely----when--- \ by no means \ under no circumstances
Under no circumstances will books desert you.
3. neither nor开头
Success is never final. Nor is failure.
4. so开头
Success teaches us something about ourselves. So does failure.
5. always \ often \ particularly \ many times \ many a time 放在句首时
Always am I amazed when I hear people say that money talks.
6. 虚拟语气(特殊)
7. 让步状语从句:由though 或as 引导时可用倒装,将表语放在句子最前面。
8. so that 引导的结果状语从句
So wonderful is youth that it is a crime to waste it.
[2]强调
1. 用do\does\did + V 强调
Adversity does best discover virtue.
It is pretty hard to tell that what does bring happiness.
2. adv或adj 可表强调:Never \ only
Don’t hit a man when he is down! Never hit a man when he is down!
Virtue never dies. Only virtue never dies.
3. 双重否定
The sea of liberty is never without a wave.
What is natural is never disgraceful.
4. what 引导的主从
The lack of motive makes life dreary.
What makes life dreary is the lack of motive.
Cooperation really matters.
What really matters is cooperation.
5. 倒装可表强调
A good job was never done without great effort.
Never was a good job done without great effort.
6. 比较状语从句
The scientific method is the most important tool for understanding the world.
Nothing is more powerful for understanding the world than the scientific method.
Nothing is more crucial than to learn from the past.
7. It is \was + 被强调部份 + that \ who + 原句剩余部份
⑴ 强调主语:It is the first step that costs the most.
⑵ 强调宾语:It is test that life offers.
⑶ 强调地状:It is in the whole process of meeting and solving problems that life has meaning.
⑷ 强调方状:It is through cooperation rather than conflict that the greatest success will be derived.
⑸ 强调状从:It is while we are young that the habit of industry is formed.